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Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension and risk factors in Uygur adults in Kashgar of Xinjiang.Methods A total of 4 748 Uygur adults aged ≥ 18 years selected through cluster random sampling in Shufu county of Kashgar prefecture were surveyed by means of questionnaire survey,physical examination and laboratory test.The prevalence,awareness,treatment and control rate of hypertension of different groups were calculated and risk factors of hypertension was analyzed by using non-conditional logistic regression model.Results The overall prevalence of hypertension was 15.73％ (age-adjusted prevalence was 13.75％).The prevalence rates of hypertension in men and women were 16.36％ (age-adjusted prevalence was 12.96％),15.39％ (age-adjusted prevalence was 14.34％),respectively.The rates of awareness,treatment and control of hypertension were 59.57％,52.74％,21.29％,respectively.The prevalence of hypertension increased with age.Compared with age group 18-34 years,the age groups 55-64,≥65 years had higher risk of hypertension and the OR values were 10.53,20.96 for men and 16.27,33.20 for women.The overweight (OR=1.47 for men,OR =1.82 for women,P＜0.05) and obesity (OR =1.88 for men,OR=2.66 for women,P＜0.05) also increased the risk of hypertension.The groups with family history of hypertension (OR=3.85 for men,OR=2.34 for women,P＜0.05) also had higher risk of hypertension.Hypertriglyceridemia was positively correlated with the prevalence of hypertension in men (OR=1.62,95％CI:1.09-2.41).Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension in Uygur adults in Kashgar area of Xinjiang was at relatively low level.The related risk factors were age,overweight,obesity,family history and hypertriglyceridemia in men and the risk factors were similar in women except hypertriglyceridemia.
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Objective To understand the prevalence of dyslipidemia and normal blood lipids level in Uygur diabetes patients in Kashgar prefecture in southern area of Xinjiang.Methods A total of 5 078 local residents aged ≥ 18 years (42.56％ were men) selected through cluster random sampling in Kashgar were surveyed by means of questionnaire survey,physical examination and laboratory test,and 521 diabetes patients were screened.Results The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in diabetes patients was 59.50％ (310/521) with adjusted rate as 49.39％.Age ≥65 years,overweight,obesity and abdominal obesity increased the risk for dyslipidemia by 0.771 times (95％ CI:1.015-3.088),1.132 times (95％CI:1.290-3.523),1.688 times (95％CI:1.573-4.592) and 0.801 times (95％CI:1.028-3.155) respectively.Compared with males,female was a protective factor for dyslipidemia (OR=0.507,95％CI:0.334-0.769).The overall normal rate of blood lipids level including total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) for type 2 diabetes patients was 11.13％.Female,higher BMI and abdominal obesity were the factors influencing the overall normal blood lipids level.The normal rate of LDL-C level decreased with increase of age,BMI and waist circumferences (trend test x2=18.049,P＜ 0.001;trend testx2=10.582,P=0.001;x2=19.081,P＜0.001),but increased with educational level (trend testx2=9.764,P=0.002).Conclusion The prevalence of dyslipidemia in Uygur diabetes patients in Kashgar was high,however,the overall normal rate of blood lipid level was relatively low.Obesity was the most important risk factor for dyslipidemia in this area.More attention should be paid to dyslipidemia prevention in women.
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Objective To investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Uygur residents in Kashgar of Xinjiang.Methods The survey was conducted among the Uygur residents aged ≥ 18 years selected through stratified cluster sampling in Kashgar by means of questionnaire survey,physical examination and basic laboratory test.The prevalence of different groups were calculated and risk factors of DM was analyzed by logistic vegression model.Results A total of 4 608 adults were surveyed.The prevalence of DM was 11.31％ (standardized prevalence:10.59％) and the prevalence was 13.65％ (standardized prevalence:12.34％) in males and 10.04％ (standardized prevalence:9.83％) in females.The prevalence increased with age.The prevalence of DM was higher than the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in people aged ＞60 years,especially in females.The rates of awareness,treatment and control of DM were 28.02％,21.31％ and 5.57％,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that people aged 45-55,55-65 and ＞65 years had higher risk of DM and the odds ratio were 2.08 (95％CI:1.24-3.48),2.73 (95％CI:1.63-4.56) and 3.90 (95％ CI:2.24-6.78) for men and 2.63 (95％ CI:1.71-4.02),3.14 (95％ CI:2.00-4.94) and 5.56 (95％CI:3.47-8.92) for woman,respectively.Family history of DM (OR=2.88 for men,95％Cl:1.45-5.72;OR=2.52 for women,95％CI:1.49-4.26) and BMI≥28.0 kg/m2 (OR=1.77 for men,95％CI:1.19-2.64,OR.=1.80 for women,95％CI:1.30-2.50) were also risk factors for DM.Conclusion The prevalence of DM was high in Uygur residents in Kashgar,but the rate of awareness,treatment and control of DM were low.It is necessary to improve the detection rate of DM and conduct targeted prevention and control of DM.
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Objective@#To explore the status of seroepidemiology on hepatitis A, B and C among students and residents aged equal or greater than 18 years in south Xinjiang, and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of viral hepatitis.@*Methods@#Uyghur students in four towns and villages were selected by cluster random sampling from Feb to May, 2015, and Uyghur residents aged 18 to 69 years were selected by stratified cluster sampling from May to September, 2016. 4 507 middle and primary Uygur students and 4 833 Uyghur resides equal or greater than 18 years attended this survey. Self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the demographic information. And Elisa test was adopted to detect HAV-IgG, HBsAg, HBsAb and HCV-IgG. Chi-square test was used to calculate the difference on antibody positive rate of three types of hepatitis among the participants.@*Results@#The overall HAV-IgG positive rate was 99.45% (9 289/9 340). The positive rates were 99.70% (4 006/4 018) in male and 99.27% (5 283/5 322) in female (χ2=7.95, P=0.005). The HAV-IgG positive rate among people aged 10 to 14 years was the highest (99.91%, 2 233/2 235), and the difference between the age specific HAV-IgG positive rates was statistical significant (χ2=38.21, P<0.001). The overall HBsAg positive rate was 4.11% (384 cases), with 4.55% (183 cases) for male and 3.78% (201 cases) for female. The HBsAg positive rate among participants 19 to 24 years old was the highest (9.46%, 21/222) and the differences between the age specific HBsAg was statistically significant (χ2=116.22, P<0.001). The HBsAb positive rate was 35.03% (3 272 cases), with 35.59% (1 430 cases) for male and 34.61% (1 842 cases) for female, and the HBsAb positive rate among participants aged 15 to 18 years was the highest, which was 69.12% (696/1 007). The differences between the age specific HBsAb rates appeared statistically significant (χ2=671.80, P<0.001). The overall HCV-IgG positive rate was 0.65%(61 cases). The HCV-IgG positive rate in female was 0.86% (46 cases) and 0.37% (15 cases) in male (χ2=8.51, P=0.004).The HCV-IgG positive rate among participants aged over 70 years was the highest (3.78%,9/238) , and the difference between the age specific HCV-IgG positive rates had statistic significance (χ2=70.30, P<0.001). The HAV-IgG positive rate in hepatitis A vaccinees (100%, 876/876) was higher than that among the non-vaccinees (99.40%, 8 413/8 464) (χ2=4.26, P=0.039). The HBsAb positive rate in hepatitis B vaccinees was 39.32% (1 816/4 619) which was higher than that among the non-vaccinees (30.84%, 1 456/4 721) (χ2=73.68, P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#The positive rate of overall HAV-IgG was high, male and participants aged between 10 to 14 had higher probability to be infected. But the infection rates of hepatitis B and C were low, with the low vaccination rate and the poor protective effectiveness of hepatitis B.
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Objective@#To investigate the effects of PRX-2 gene on phenotype changes in epidermal stem cells differentiating into sweat gland cells.@*Methods@#Epidermal stem cells and sweat gland cells separated and cultured from healthy foreskin and adult full-thick skin respectively, were identified by immunofluorescence staining. Lentiviral vector-mediated overexpression and knockdown of PRX-2 gene in epidermal stem cells were performed respectively, with empty vector-mediated epidermal stem cells as a control group. Overexpression、blank control and knowdown group′s PRX-2 expressions in gene and protein levels were detected using RT-PCR and Western blot technology. The ESCs of each group were co-cultured with sweat gland cells through transwell plate, and the expressions of CEA and β1 integrin in epidermal stem cells were determined by flow cytometry before and after co-culturing.@*Results@#Epidermal stem cells and sweat gland cells were in line with their respective specific antigens. Before co-cultured, epidermal stem cells highly expressed β1 integrin (98.69±0.67)%, hardly expressed CEA (6.20±3.15)%. After co-cultured, β1 integrin expression levels were showed as knockdown group (19.30±0.53)%<blank control group (65.77±2.32)% <overexpress group (92.63±10.97)%, and CEA expression levels as knockdown (95.43±2.36)%> blank control group (51.20±0.79)%> overexpress group (45.91±0.93)%. There had significant differences between those of each two groups.@*Conclusions@#PRX-2 gene can inhibit the phenotypic change of Epidermal Stem Cells differentiating into Sweat Gland Cells and improve the ability to maintain their own specific antigens.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension and risk factors in Uygur adults in Kashgar of Xinjiang.Methods A total of 4 748 Uygur adults aged ≥ 18 years selected through cluster random sampling in Shufu county of Kashgar prefecture were surveyed by means of questionnaire survey,physical examination and laboratory test.The prevalence,awareness,treatment and control rate of hypertension of different groups were calculated and risk factors of hypertension was analyzed by using non-conditional logistic regression model.Results The overall prevalence of hypertension was 15.73％ (age-adjusted prevalence was 13.75％).The prevalence rates of hypertension in men and women were 16.36％ (age-adjusted prevalence was 12.96％),15.39％ (age-adjusted prevalence was 14.34％),respectively.The rates of awareness,treatment and control of hypertension were 59.57％,52.74％,21.29％,respectively.The prevalence of hypertension increased with age.Compared with age group 18-34 years,the age groups 55-64,≥65 years had higher risk of hypertension and the OR values were 10.53,20.96 for men and 16.27,33.20 for women.The overweight (OR=1.47 for men,OR =1.82 for women,P＜0.05) and obesity (OR =1.88 for men,OR=2.66 for women,P＜0.05) also increased the risk of hypertension.The groups with family history of hypertension (OR=3.85 for men,OR=2.34 for women,P＜0.05) also had higher risk of hypertension.Hypertriglyceridemia was positively correlated with the prevalence of hypertension in men (OR=1.62,95％CI:1.09-2.41).Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension in Uygur adults in Kashgar area of Xinjiang was at relatively low level.The related risk factors were age,overweight,obesity,family history and hypertriglyceridemia in men and the risk factors were similar in women except hypertriglyceridemia.
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Objective To understand the prevalence of dyslipidemia and normal blood lipids level in Uygur diabetes patients in Kashgar prefecture in southern area of Xinjiang.Methods A total of 5 078 local residents aged ≥ 18 years (42.56％ were men) selected through cluster random sampling in Kashgar were surveyed by means of questionnaire survey,physical examination and laboratory test,and 521 diabetes patients were screened.Results The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in diabetes patients was 59.50％ (310/521) with adjusted rate as 49.39％.Age ≥65 years,overweight,obesity and abdominal obesity increased the risk for dyslipidemia by 0.771 times (95％ CI:1.015-3.088),1.132 times (95％CI:1.290-3.523),1.688 times (95％CI:1.573-4.592) and 0.801 times (95％CI:1.028-3.155) respectively.Compared with males,female was a protective factor for dyslipidemia (OR=0.507,95％CI:0.334-0.769).The overall normal rate of blood lipids level including total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) for type 2 diabetes patients was 11.13％.Female,higher BMI and abdominal obesity were the factors influencing the overall normal blood lipids level.The normal rate of LDL-C level decreased with increase of age,BMI and waist circumferences (trend test x2=18.049,P＜ 0.001;trend testx2=10.582,P=0.001;x2=19.081,P＜0.001),but increased with educational level (trend testx2=9.764,P=0.002).Conclusion The prevalence of dyslipidemia in Uygur diabetes patients in Kashgar was high,however,the overall normal rate of blood lipid level was relatively low.Obesity was the most important risk factor for dyslipidemia in this area.More attention should be paid to dyslipidemia prevention in women.
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Objective To investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Uygur residents in Kashgar of Xinjiang.Methods The survey was conducted among the Uygur residents aged ≥ 18 years selected through stratified cluster sampling in Kashgar by means of questionnaire survey,physical examination and basic laboratory test.The prevalence of different groups were calculated and risk factors of DM was analyzed by logistic vegression model.Results A total of 4 608 adults were surveyed.The prevalence of DM was 11.31％ (standardized prevalence:10.59％) and the prevalence was 13.65％ (standardized prevalence:12.34％) in males and 10.04％ (standardized prevalence:9.83％) in females.The prevalence increased with age.The prevalence of DM was higher than the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in people aged ＞60 years,especially in females.The rates of awareness,treatment and control of DM were 28.02％,21.31％ and 5.57％,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that people aged 45-55,55-65 and ＞65 years had higher risk of DM and the odds ratio were 2.08 (95％CI:1.24-3.48),2.73 (95％CI:1.63-4.56) and 3.90 (95％ CI:2.24-6.78) for men and 2.63 (95％ CI:1.71-4.02),3.14 (95％ CI:2.00-4.94) and 5.56 (95％CI:3.47-8.92) for woman,respectively.Family history of DM (OR=2.88 for men,95％Cl:1.45-5.72;OR=2.52 for women,95％CI:1.49-4.26) and BMI≥28.0 kg/m2 (OR=1.77 for men,95％CI:1.19-2.64,OR.=1.80 for women,95％CI:1.30-2.50) were also risk factors for DM.Conclusion The prevalence of DM was high in Uygur residents in Kashgar,but the rate of awareness,treatment and control of DM were low.It is necessary to improve the detection rate of DM and conduct targeted prevention and control of DM.